Building block and wall construction



F. T. HEATH March 31, 1931.

. BUILDING BLOCK AND WALL CONSTRUCTION 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original FiledJune 18, 1927 FIGQE' F'IE..'Z

dmwm a F. T. HEATH BUILDING BLOCK AND WALL CONSTRUCTION March 31, 931.

Original Filed June 18, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIELD Jwumtoz PatentedMar. 31, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FREDERICK T. HEATH, OFCOLUMBUS, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE HEATH UNJ IT TILE COKPAN Y, OF TACOMA,WASHINGTON, A CORPORATION OF WASHINGTON BUILDING BLOCK AND WALLCONSTRUCTION Original application filed June 1'8, 1927, Serial No.199,685. Divided and this application filed November 26, 1929. SerialNo. 409,881.

This invention relates to a wall constructed with brick veneer andback-up hollow tile and is particularly concerned with bonding of thebrick veneer with the baclcup 5 tile by the employment of peculiarlyshaped receive the header brick. My parent appli-' cation showsalternatively the tile being so formed that their voids extendhorizontally or vertically, and claims the wall and the header tilegenerically and also the specific header tile where the voids extendparallel with the step or horizontally.

The present invention is concerned with a i tile having the sameexternal dimensions and the same spacing of internal webs as the claimedheader tile in my parent case, but with the voids extending vertically.This enables the laying up of the tile portion of the wall with allvoids extending vertically, which is believed to produce a drier wall.My header tile with the voids vertical has the advantages in common withthe horizon tally voided tile, of giving the requisite strength to thewall by providing web and shell alignment vertically; the advantage ofproperly bonding with brick; the advantage that it can be built to awall with little elfort and with a saving of time over that required forbrick, and, in general, the advantages set out in the parent applicationfor a tile having the external dimensions and the web spacing of thisone.

My tile, and some of the various walls which may be constructed by itsuse are i1- lustrated in the drawings. Figs. 1 to 8 inclujunction withthe header tile in making the 1;

wall; Fig. 4 is a perspective of a pile of six bricks spacedcorresponding to mortar .]o1nts and having the exterior dimensions ofthe cubicaltile of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a View of the stepped tile havingexternal dimensions of Fig. 2, but with the voids running in the otherdirection, this view corresponding to the horizontally voided steppedtile of the parent application, except that with this case the block isstanding on end; 6 is a 1 view of a pile of five bricks with theirmortar joints, corresponding in external contour to the stepped block ofFig. 2,- Fig. 7' is a perspective of two separate units of tile, placedtogether with an intervening mortar oint and then corresponding to theheader tile of Fig. 2; Fig. 8 is a perspective of a closure tilewhich isso shaped and dimensioned that itmay be used in web and shell alignmentwith the stepped tile and cubical tile and constitute an end closure.The. remaining figures are a selection of a large number of walls whichmay be built employing my peculiarly formed tile. Fig. 9 is a socalled12 wall with bonding every third course; Fig. 10 is a so-called 16" wallbonded every third course; Fig. 11 indicates a socalled 12 wall withclosures, depicting the peculiar use of the header .block shown in Fig.8; Fig. 12 shows the tile portion of a wall composed of cubical blockslike that shown in Fig. 3 and header blocks of the form shown in Figs. 1and 2. a

Fig. 3 illustrates a cubical block which forms the basis of measurementof my header tile, this block being in accordance with my patent ReissueNo. 16,468. This cube cor responds to a pile of six ordinary bricks, twowide and three high, with their mortar joints, as shown in Fig. 4:. Theexterior of the cube is accordingly approximately 8', being the same inall three dimensions. The, interior of the cube is formed by two pairsof crossed webs, each pair being in the vicinity of the center of theblock but spaced by a distance corresponding to the thickness of amortar joint, as fully explained in my reissue patent. v

The present invention of a header cube, like that shown in my parentapplication is a fraction of the complete cube of Fig. 3, the fractionbeing arrived at by employing substantially of the cube; that is to say,an amount corresponding to a pile of thrice bricks and an adjacent pileof two bricks with their appropriate mortar joints as shown in Fig. 6.The omitted portion of the cube is accordingly adapted to receive onebrick with a horizontal mortar joint below it and a vertical mortarjoint along its'inner edge, or the projections of two header bricks withmortar oints below'them, mortar joints across their ends and a mortarjoint between them.

Comparison is invited of Figs. 2 and3. It will be seen that from thecube of Fig. 8 I omit the upper portion of the shell wall, part of theupper portions of two shell walls at right angles thereto, and all ofthe upper portions of two webs at rightangles to the first mentionedshell wall and of one web parallel with that shell wall, while preserv--ing intact the other web parallel with that shell wall. -It will be:seen that the header block has a; peculiarly formed step, thehorizontal dimension or tread of which (when the block stands as in Fig.2) extends back to the second transverse web, whereasthe verticaldimension or riser of such step is made of such height that itcorresponds to the distance from one side of the cube to the firsttransverse web.

It is the peculiar dimensioning described which makes the block soreadily adaptable for bonding with standard brick.- As heretoforeindicated this same external 'dimen sioning is present in thehorizontally voided duced by the omission of parts of two shells and oneweb within the horizontally voided block. That is "to say, thehorizontally voided block cuts back both for the riser and the tread toan existing web wall; whereas in the present header block the riser ofthe step is an existing web wall, but the tread is formed by the ends ofthe cut off shells and webs. The cubical block itself does not providean existing surface to form the tread of this block but I locate the cutacross the webs and shells which make this tread at a very definitedistance from the extreme top in the block, namely a distance equal tothe distance from the exterior of the block to the nearest web which isparallel therewith.

When a header brick extends onto. the step of the header block of thisinvention, then that brick is supported by four webs or shell portionswhich lie directly beneath portions of the brick, and accordingly thebrick serves to continue the web and shell alignment whliph is presentin the tile portion of the wa I will now describe specifically, by useof reference numerals, the various webs and shells of my block. Thus,referring to the complete cube 10 in Fig. 3, there are four shells, eachsubstantially 8 square, designated 1, 2, 8 and 4. The transverse webs ofone shell are designated 5 and 6, and those of the other shell 7 and 8.The two webs 5 and 6 are spaced apart a distance equal tothe thicknessof a mortar joint; and the same is true of the webs 7 and 8.

Now, the stepped block 11 of Fig.2 may be considered as arrived atbycutting away portions of the shells 1, 2 and 3 and portions of the web6, 7 and 8, while leavingintact the web 5 and the other portions of webs7 and '8. A portion of the web 5 which is visible in Fig. 2 forms'theriser of the step has a heightcorresponding to the distance from anyshellto the web'first encountered, as for instance from the outer faceof the shell '1 to the nearest face of the web 8. The tread portion ofthe shell on the other hand corresponds to the distance from one side ofthe block to-thei face of the second web encoun tered, which would befrom the outer side of the face 1- to the nearest face of the web 7;This omitted portion corresponds also to the cubicalcontent of one brickplus the appropriate horizontal and vertical mortar joints, as isapparent from a comparison of Figs. 4 and 6.

In Fig. 9, I have shown a twelve inch wall with header brick A everythird course, so that substantially all of the back-up tile are headercubes 11. Because the longitudinal dimension of the blocks is equal tothe length of the brick, each header brick will be bonded with threeheader blocks, two above and one below or vice versa.

To illustrate the three. course bond in a wall of greater thickness, Ihave shown in Flg. 10 an arrangement of header cube 11 inalternatecourses along with half cubes 12 in- In the intermediate shownin section and fractional blocks 13, spaced between header bricks A. Thehalf cube and the fractional blocks are also shown in Fig. 7. In thisstructure, it will be seen that the bond between header brick, iscarried out with the header tile so that each brick may bond with threeblocks. It will also be seen that the header cubes overlie quarterportions of full cubes above and below and the full cubes are bondedwith four blocks above and below.

The horizontally voided header cube of my parent application set on endas shown at 14 in Fig. 5, is well adapted for use in conjunction withthe present header blocks 11 and with the closure members 15 of Fig. 8,to form various jalnb closures or reveal closures. In Fig. 11, I haveshown a wall having a thickness of one brick and one back-up tile andlaid with the usual English bond. The body of the wall may beconstructed with header cubes 11 receiving header bricks A. Full cubes10 are used in the body of the intermediate course. Reveal blocks 14asshown in Fig. 5 are endset to form a reveal closure for the full cubecourse. Quarter cubes 15 are endset at the ends of the header cubecourses to complete the closure. The quarter cubes are bonded betweenthe stepped extensions of the endparallel voided header cubes. Fig. 12illustrates the use of the half header cube 16 of Fig. 1 in forming aclosure.

Like my parent case, the wall structure of the present application isbased on the novel theory of common dimension .li'or all units of thewall; that is, based on the dimension of a brick length, and is alsobased on the use of a cubical block and a fraction thereof which may besaid to correspond to of the block, having in mind the mortar joints ofcorresponding brick. I thus combine a brick bond with a tile bond,resulting in a wall of greater strength. The tile formed as a fractionof the cubical tile lend themselves to carrying out the bond relation,and the formations of jainbs and closures without deviating from thebond and while still maintaining the double web and shell alignment,producing the desired strength. Allthis, in my present block, isassociated with the desired ventila- "tion and consequent dry wall,which comes from having vertical voids registering with each other insuccessive courses of blocks.

I claim 1.. A hollow header block with vertically extending voids and astepped portion for recciving the overhanging part cf a brick, saidblock having a pair of webs lying in planes normal to the header brick,one of said webs extending for its full width to the full height of theblock and adapted to lie across the end of the header brick, the otherof said webs terminating below the full height of the block and adaptedto stand beneath the header brick and assist in supporting it.

2. A hollow header block made as a fraction of a cube with verticallyextending voids and a stepped portion for receiving the ends of headerbricks, said block having a pair of interior webs lying in planes normalto the header bricks, one of said webs extending for its full width tothe full height of the block and adapted to assist in supporting theheader bricks, the omitted portion of the cubical block having a heightequal to the thick ness plus a mortar joint of a standard brick and aWidth equal to the width plus a mortar joint of a standard brick.

3. A hollow header block with vertically extending voids and a steppedportion for receiving the end portion of a header brick, said blockhaving a pair of interior Webs lying in planes normal to the headerbrick, one of said webs extending for its full width to the full heightof the block and adapted to lie across the end of the header brick, theother of said webs termi-natingbelow such height, the step thus providedon the block having a tread the Width of which is equal to the distancefrom the outer'face of the block to the face of the second internal webencountered and the riser ot'which is equal to the distance from theouter face of the block and the first internal Web encountered.

4. A hollow header block having an external shell and double internalcrossing webs, said block having its major dimension equal to the lengthof a common brick and its cubical displacement equal to five bricks withappropriate mortar joints laid in a pile of three bricks and a pile oftwo bricks with a common base, the block thus having a stepped formationpresenting a tread portion made up of the end faces of curtailed shellsand webs andthere being an additional internal vertical Web aligningwith and joining the riser portion of the shell and distant from theparallel curtailed web by a distance equal to the thickness of a mortarjoint.

5. A wall structure including veneer brick with courses of headerbrickand back-up tile having an external shell and double crossing websand including header tile laid in courses corresponding to the headerbrick courses, the back-up tile comprising cubical tile substantiallyequal in volume to six bricks plus appropriate mortar oints and theheader tile formed as fractions of the cubical tile and substantiallyequal to five bricks plus appropriate mortar joints, all of the voids ofthe header tile being vertical and the shorter ones terminating at "thestep provided by the end of curtailed shells and webs in thetwo-brick-high portion of such tile, the cubical tile being bonded indiagonal offset relation to the header blocks.

6. A Wall structure composed of veneer brick and back-up tile, everysixth course of veneer bricks being laid transversely of the wall asheader bricks, the back-up tile including cubical tile and lesser tile,all of the back-up tile having a maximum dimension length, breadth andheight equal to the length of a brick, part of theback-up tile havingstepped portions extending transversely of the voids and equal to thefull thickness of a brick plus a mortar joint and adapted to receive theinner ends of the header brick, the back-up tile placed so as to havetheir voids extending vertically in the body of the wall.

7. A wall structure including veneer brick laid with five stretchercourses and a header course, and back-up tile having an external shelland double crossing webs and including cubical blocks equal to sixbrickswith appropriate mortar joints having two pairs of interior webscrossing each other, the webs of each pair spaced apart the thickness ofa mortar joint, and header tile equal in height to said cubical tile andhaving its webs correspondingly positioned but lacking portions of threeshell walls and of three interior webs for a distance lengthwise of thewebs equal to the distance from the outside of the block to the firstweb parallel therewith and for a distance crosswise of the webs equal tothe said lengthwise distance plus the combined thickness of a web andamortar joint, whereby a step is formed equal to one stretcher brickplus a horizontal and vertical mortar joint, said cubical tile andheader tile being laid in adjacent courses with vertical alignmentbetween webs and shells, the header course of veneer brick extendinginto'the tile portion of the wall and lying .on said step portion of theheader tile, the header brick being arranged so that alternate headerbrick bond with two header tile and one cubical tile and alternateheader brick bond with two cubical tile and one header tile.

8. A composite brick and tile wall having a veneer of header bricks andstretcher bricks laid with their greatest dimension measurablehorizontally, and'having a coacting backing of tile blocks laid withtheir voids extending vertically, certain of said blocks having portionscut away to leave a step, the bottom of which is the end surface ofthree shell walls and an internal web, and the back of which is avertical shell wall standing back of said internal web by an amountequal to the thickness of a mortar joint, said step receiving portionsof said header bricks, all of said tile blocks having a maximumdimension measurable vertically equal to the greatest dimension of thebricks.

.9. A hollow header block having an external shell and internal crossingwebs, said block having its major dimension equal to the length of acommon brick and its cubical displacement equal to five bricks withappropriate mortar joints laid in a pile of three bricks and apile oftwo bricks with a common base, the block being thus cubical except by anomission corresponding to the displacement of one brick with its bottomand edge mortar joint, the omitted portion being bounded at the bottomby the ends of curtailed webs and shells and at the back by a verticalportion of the shell which aligns with. and joins an internal verticalweb, said curtailed webs including a vertical web terminating at thebottom of the omitted portion and spaced from the vertical web firstmentioned a distance corresponding to the thickness of a mortar jointand includ ing also parts of two other webs spaced apart a distancecorresponding to the thickness of a mortar joint and located at rightangles to the two vertical webs .mentioned,whereby when said blocks arelaid up with header bricks there are continuous vertical load bearingmembers corresponding to two shell port-ipns and two internal webportions of the ti e.

10. A wall having a brick facing comprising a plurality of stretchercourses and a header course, and back-up tile including' hollow cubicalblocks entirely behind stretcher courses and having a shell formingfoursides and having two pairs of interior trans verse webs connecting theshell, one pair crossing the other pair at right angles and the webs ofeachpair being spaced apart a dis tance equal to the thickness of amortar joint, and lesser blocks includingheader blocks behind headercourses and two adjacent stretcher courses, said header blocks being cutacross the ends of internal webs to provide steps which receive theinward overhanging portions of the header bricks, all the lesser blocksformed as exact sections of the cubical block and laid in the wall withtheir voids vertical and their webs and shells in vertical load bearingalignment with the webs or shell of the cubical tile.

11. A header tile for use with a wall formed of veneer brick havingcourses of header brick, said header tile being hollow and having anexternal shell and double crossing webs, the header tile having the samemaximum external dimensions as a cubical tile,

which dimension is also equal to the length of a brick and said headertile having their I voids vertical and having a horizontal step of ofthe header blocks and laid between courses of header blocks, and webbedhollow header blocks of identical external dimensions with the headerblocks mentioned but with the voids parallel with the step and end-setat the ends of said last named courses to form reveal closures thereforand with their webs and shells in vertical alignment with the webs andshells of the vertical-void header blocks.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto aflix my signature.

FREDERICK T. HEATH.

